Sunday, April 19, 2015

Transcript Of Public Hearing By Oriental Board Of Commissioners July 3, 2012

Partial Transcription Board of Commissioners of Town of Oriental meeting of July 3, 2012, deliberation by Board members after closing public hearing: Source – Official digital audio recording made by Town of Oriental [Time in Hours, Minutes and Seconds From Start of Audio Recording]


[…Public Hearing Closed] 1:11:21

Bill Sage (Sage): 1:11:40
There are basically two halves to get to what all the experts seem to agree is a legal end. And that is closing these street rights of way and acquiring in fee simple the yellow lot as you see it there.

One train of thought is that we proceed as we are proceeding tonight with closing the street rights of way and then accepting the donation of the property shown there in yellow.

The other train of thought is that we treat it as or we approach it as an exchange. NC State law provides for and empowers a municipality to exchange a property interest *or an interest in real estate, or personal property for that matter, for other property. And there is a procedure set out basically in section 160A-271 for an exchange of property interests.
*Not exactly. Must be property belonging to the Town. Not “an interest.”

And one of the options that the Board has is instead of choosing which of the two paths to take to touch both bases and go through not only the street closing and donation process which we we’ve taken another step towards tonight by having this hearing, but also to go through the exchange process. And that of course would entail a postponement of a decision on closing the streets for purposes of gathering the necessary information and giving the necessary notices that the statute requires under the exchange provisions. And so we can proceed with consideration of closing the streets or we can defer a decision on closing the streets so as to bring forward the necessary notices and information to comply with section 160A-271.


Barbara Venturi (Venturi): Point of clarification; what additional information would we be collecting and putting out?

Sage : 1:15:19 Under 160A-271, the town may by private negotiations enter into an exchange of real or personal property *[Note: “belonging to the city”] if it is satisfied that it receives full and fair consideration in exchange for its property. And it requires that notice to be given by publication of the meeting at which the town board will consider the exchange. And the notice must state the value of the properties.

Note repeated misrepresentation of the statute.

Larry Summers (Summers): [whispering to Venturi “I have a motion on this…”]

Summers: 1:15:36 I’d like to make a motion…

??: “That’s enough to… receive it.”

[papers shuffling] [Summers submitted a written motion. No copy was provided to the public in violation of NCGS 318.13(c).]

Sage: [Venturi recognized]

Venturi: 1:16:06 Indistinct… “model for openness”… indistinct…]

“If it is appropriate to follow two lines of action to ensure that all obstacle courses have been dealt with, I move that we go forward on the full and fair consideration including notice to the public, that would include appraisals as soon as appraisals or evaluations of the properties and considerations…”

Sage: 1:16:53 “…Motion by Commissioner Venturi to pursue the exchange of property provisions of section 160A-271 postponing a decision on the street closure until such time as a public meeting is noticed to the public and published for consideration of the exchange. Seconded by Commissioner Johnson, any discussion?”

Summers: “I’d like to make a point of order to the attorney: Is what we are doing an exchange of property or a closure of a right of way?”

Scott Davis: “I think it can fairly be viewed as an exchange.”

Venturi: 1:18:20 [Indistinct… “appraisals, comparison full and fair”… indistinct.]
“if it is considered a swap, we should at least value these things and provide the ability to prepare these properties for the public.”

Warren Johnson (Johnson): “By doing so, will we not be covering all our bases?”

Scott Davis: 1:19:00 “That’s the theory. As Mr. Cox and others have pointed out*, there are a number of ways to structure this transaction - I have spoken to no-one that has come to the conclusion that we cannot achieve this result.
“The theorical [sic] differences are in how we get there.

*Cox had previously suggested Town lacked authority for exchange and suggested stand alone transactions with dedication to public or deed restriction. Town response: “Don't tie our hands.”

“There’s camp that likes an exchange agreement, there’s a camp that likes a pure exchange, there’s a camp that likes a street closing and a donation separated.

And we don’t have any case-law that tells us what the magic recipe is. *

*Translation: “We can't find a case that says we can do this.”

“So here, since we have folks who have alternate points of view, and there’s nothing that precludes us from trying to accommodate those different points of views, meaning there is no down side to doing it both ways, and there is potential up-side if one way is determined to be superior…

“…[1:19:41] so to me it’s a rather easy path to go down, to take the more prudent course to do it both ways, and hopefully, one of those two ways takes.”

Venturi: [Indistinct about fact that holding a hearing doesn’t mean the Board must vote]

Scott Davis: [no, you would do that later, and you’d take evidence and vote]

Summers: “I am opposed to this thing, and I’ll tell you what, we’ve been working on this thing for seven months [subdued “oooh”s from the audience] [… indistinct...I hear a lot of legal opinions anyone here a lawyer?” …]

Jim Privette [from audience:] “yes”

Summers: “Experience in municipal law?”

Privette: “Yes. Municipal attorney in North Carolina.”

Summers: 1:21:34 “The other thing is: appraising the property. I look at this piece of property, we don’t own the property, we own an easement, as Bill Marlow said, and I look at that, what can you do with an easement?

You can’t sell an easement, you can’t eat an easement, you can only close an easement, that’s the only thing that you can do.

Note: Summers got that right!

“What we’re looking at doing is closing streets, and then being offered in exchange, if we close the streets, you will receive X as a donation to the, for the good of the Town.

“I think that’s a wonderful thing, and I think it’s a wonderful piece of property for it.

“Grace Evans brought up something that I think is really important here. One of the reasons we have a problem now, with our anchorage, is because of the five acres that was sent out there with Oriental Harbor Marina… We have killed the goose that laid the golden egg for Oriental… That’s what we did and I absolutely believe that.

“I would like to be able to go over and put my chair on that property on Saturday night and watch the fireworks, but I guess if we do this, we can’t. I am a believer in doing it, and if this motion fails, I will offer a motion to close the streets.”

Sherril Styron (Styron): “If it’s gonna take one more month to do it right, I don’t have a problem with that, but Avenue A: I can see no reason for that not to be closed, whether we are doing exchanging or do nothing else, Chris Fulcher owns the property on every side of it.

“It goes nowhere, except dead-ends in his property… [words to the effect that opponents envy Chris Fulcher]… no matter what we do, I think Avenue A should be closed, and I’m prepared to do it tonight, unless the attorney feels like we need to wait until next week.

“I’ve not heard nothing tonight that changes my mind on what we need to do. I would love to proceed as quick as we can and close this out.

“But if Scott feels like we need to wait one more month I’ll go along with it.”

Sage: “Any further comment or questions? OK, Motion is postponing a decision and complying with…”

Venturi: “Can we get an idea from the attorney…”

Scott Davis: “…You can bifurcate the street closing, if the board wants to. By separate motion - you can determine tonight to close any portion that has been noticed, leaving the remaining portion to be dealt with at some later date.”

Venturi: “I do agree with Sherill, I think Avenue A is nothing but a liability written all over it. But we had a motion to move forward…”

Scott Davis: “And recognizing, I just wanna say this out loud;
That if you determine later not to close the terminus of South Avenue, and you close Avenue A tonight, It’s done. “And there’ll be nothing in exchange for that, just purely a closing of Avenue A.”

Sage: “All in favor of the motion, say Aye.”

Johnson: “Aye”

Venturi: “Aye”

Styron: “What?”

Sage: 1:25:28 All in favor of the motion for the Town to take the steps to comply with section 260A-271, developing information on full and fair consideration. Say aye.

Venturi + Michelle Bissette (Bissette): “Aye”

Sage: “Raise your hands to say aye… Motion carries, we will take the steps to comply with the provisions of 160A-271.

Motion to close Avenue A would be in order...*

*This move, following passage of motion to postpone confused both the audience and the Board.

Summers: “I’ll do that one.

“I move that the Town of Oriental close the streets as indicated on this with the exception of the South Avenue terminus, on that motion that I handed out earlier, to close Avenue A and the other possible rights of way in the back portion of that property.”

Scott Davis: “Let’s edit that motion in the continuation of the discussion regarding the South Avenue terminus - is that part of your motion?

“You move to close Avenue A, it’d be nice in that motion to also continue the deliberation in consideration -

Summers: “Let me restate the motion, if I may, Mr. Mayor.

“I’d like to move that the Town of Oriental close the following town streets, along with any rights of way formerly indicated as being located in the area bounded by the Western margin of the right of way of Wall Street on the East, the Neuse River on the South, Smith and Raccoon Creeks on the West, and the Southern margin of the right of way of South Avenue on the North - said street portions being lawfully described as follows: Avenue A, and its got the other writing on there, other possible rights of way, but to defer the closing of the South Avenue terminus, to a specific date… the next full regular town meeting. The August meeting.

Sage: “Motion by Mr. Summers for this Board to close Avenue A and other possible rights of way as described in the notice of intention in the area bounded on the West by Raccoon and Smith Creek, on the North by the South margin of South Avenue, on the East by the Western margin of Wall Street, and on the South by the Neuse River.

“Seconded by Commissioner Styron.”

“… and to continue consideration of the closure of the South Avenue terminus for the August 2012 regularly scheduled Town Board meeting.

Scott Davis: “Another recommendation might be to further amend that motion to provide that you have found that closing the street is not land-locking property owners, and is not contrary to the public interest.*

*Another intervention by Town Attorney to include conclusions on matters not discussed or deliberated on by Town Board.

Sage: “Will you make an amendment?”

Summers: 1:29:29 “Yes, I will amend that… it is to the satisfaction of the Board after the hearing that closing the above-referenced streets are not contrary to the public interests, and that no individual owning property in the vicinity of the street or alley, or in the subdivision in which it is located, would thereby be deprived of a reasonable means of ingress and egress to their property.”

Sage: 1:29:43 Repeats Motion, asks for discussion;

Johnson: 1:30:25 “I can't imagine this transaction not happening next month. But let's say it dies or goes away. What have we just done?

Styron: All we've done is close a street [or words to that effect].

Johnson: 1:30:25 Yes, but it's part of the transaction. If for some reason.[indistinct]

Sage: 1:31:20 Calls for vote. Announces motion passes, 4-1 (Johnson voting “nay.Noise in room, Sage gavels meeting.

Sage: 1:31:30 “Motion carries. An order will be entered closing the streets as described.”

Tuesday, April 14, 2015

April Can Be The Cruelest Month

The poet T.S. Eliot described April as "the cruelest month:"

"April is the cruellest month, breeding
Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing
Memory and desire, stirring
Dull roots with spring rain."
Today is the 150th anniversary of the death of fifty-six year old President Abraham Lincoln at the hands of the assassin John Wilkes Booth. 

154 Years ago on April 12th, Confederate forces commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard, fired at the United States Fort Sumter, guarding Charleston Harbor, setting off the Civil War.
Seventy years ago, April 28, 1945, Italian partisans captured and executed their erstwhile fascist dictator, Benito Mussolini.
Two days after the death of Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, the fifty-six year old Nazi dictator of Germany, committed suicide in his Berlin Bunker.
Seventy years ago, while at his vacation place at Warm Springs, Georgia, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt suddenly died of a massive stroke.

Forty-Seven years ago, April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated.
Of all U.S. Presidents, the two who most clearly left the country better than they found it were Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Delano Roosevelt.


Wednesday, April 8, 2015

Oriental Town Board Meeting Brings Up Staggered Terms Option

Not much happened at last night's Town Board meeting.

The only thing of note was that the biannual proposal to amend the Town charter for staggered four year terms was brought up for discussion.

The idea has come up every other year since Bill Sage became mayor and since Barbara Venturi lost the tie breaker for her seat in 2007. Nothing ever came of the discussion.

Charlie Overcash, David White and Larry Summers all spoke against the idea this evening, pointing out that our potential candidate pool tends to be of an age that is reluctant to make a four year commitment. Especially those reluctant to invest in green bananas.

Barbara Venturi and Bill Sage raised the specter of a possible wholesale replacement of the entire board. The new board wouldn't have any continuity and would be unable to provide leadership for the Town's advisory boards and committees.

In my view, that's a feature, not a bug. Voters should have the option of replacing the incumbents wholesale.

Bill Sage reminded the Board that "this almost happened" in 2005.

I attended most of the meetings of the 2005 Board. That Board consisted of Warren Johnson, Al Herlands, Candy Bohmert, Nancy Inger and Barbara Venturi with Sherril Styron in his 18th year as mayor. It was easily one of the best boards of recent years. They had No trouble learning what to do.

That board was replaced by one consisting of Sherril Styron, David Cox, Candy Bohmert, Kathy Kellam and Nancy Inger.

So what's the problem?

Neither Bill Sage nor Barbara Venturi offered much in the way of a parade of horribles

Except that Venturi offered the Comprehensive Plan as an example of something so complicated we need continuity of leadership to insure its implementation.

Really?

Work on the Long Range Plan began in 2006. One of the inputs was an elaborate survey that Barbara designed. The draft Long Range Plan appeared just before the candidate filing deadline. The list of things to do looked a lot like previous lists in our file cabinets going back twenty years. Apparently continuity wasn't much of a problem.

After the election, the Long Range Planning Group continued its efforts. Anyone following the effort would have had a hard time telling what changed between drafts.

One constant theme of the drafts was to protect and enhance public access to public trust waters, particularly to protect public access at each of the street ends. This continued on into the effort that turned the Long Range Plan into a Comprehensive Plan.

The list of streets to be protected for the public specifically included the end of South Avenue, the subject of the Town's successful suit against Lacy Henry.

On May 5, 2012, the Town Board voted to adopt the Comprehensive Plan, including protection of public access to the harbor at South Avenue. The vote was unanimous. Barbara Venturi voted yes.

Later during the VERY SAME MEETING, someone introduced a motion to hold a public hearing to close both Avenue A and South Avenue.

Barbara Venturi voted for that as well.

I conclude that "continuity" may or may not be a problem from one term to another, but it is evidently a serious problem from one motion to another at the same meeting.

I doubt we could do anything to the Charter to fix that.

Did I mention that when Bill Sage brought the idea of staggered four year terms up in 2008 none of the Board members spoke for it and at least four spoke against it?

This is the kind of legislative proposal often mentioned as a "zombie" idea - it won't die, but just keeps coming back.

Saturday, April 4, 2015

Dr. Strangelove, Andreas Lubitz and General Jack D. Ripper

We learned soon after the Germanwings crash that it appeared to have been intentional.

The movie Dr. Strangelove immediately came to mind.

In the movie, US Air Force general Jack D. Ripper, undergoing an apparent mental health crisis, launched a first strike attack on the Soviet Union with disastrous consequences.

The movie was a black comedy, but was viewed by some experts as "a documentary," in that it depicted very realistically a scenario of what could happen if one demented individual were to take over the procedural machinery of launching a nuclear attack.

In the movie, General Ripper made use of a "safety" procedure to allow a retaliatory strike even if the central command authority had been destroyed.

That's exactly what Andreas Lubitz did, making use of the safety device designed to keep hijackers out of the cockpit.

In the real world of nuclear weapons control, there were two control mechanisms in place to prevent unauthorized release of nuclear weapons: (a) the Personnel Reliability Program (PRP) and (b) the two-man rule.

The PRP identified every person with a role in the handling and release of nuclear weapons. Both personnel and medical records were flagged so that administrative and medical personnel were aware of the PRP members. Medical personnel were expected to take immediate action to bring any such person going through a mental health crisis to attention of the command. No worries about privacy. Too much at stake.

It appears that Lufthansa and Germanwings had no such program. Plainly, passenger safety must override any concern for privacy of pilots and other flight deck personnel.

It also appears that Lufthansa had no rules prohibiting a single person in the cockpit in a position to crash the aircraft. This needs to be changed immediately.

Tuesday, March 31, 2015

David Cox Letter To Oriental Town Commissioners

On January 26, I sent a letter to Oriental's Town Commissioners that, among other things, proposed options for protecting the public and private interests of Oriental property owners in the new Town Dock. I had made similar suggestions in 2012 before filing my suit. In 2012, the Mayor's answer was "we don't want to tie our hands." In January the answer was a flat rejection.

The purpose of rule of law instead of arbitrary authoritarianism is precisely to "tie the hands of government."

In January, the Town Board simply rejected my proposals.

Here is the letter:



"January 26, 2015

From: David Cox

To: Commissioners, Town of Oriental

Subj: South Avenue

Dear Commissioner:

As you are aware, I have filed an appeal of the Superior Court’s recent orders dismissing my challenge of the Board’s decision to close South Avenue.

I am writing to explain my appeal, to assess the current status and potential future paths for my challenge, and to describe a proposal I am submitting to the Town’s attorneys.

First, I must explain that my challenge to the Board’s closure of South Avenue is not identical to my challenge of Avenue A. If it were identical, I would not pursue the South Avenue challenge after the Court of Appeals decision in Avenue A, and I certainly would not appeal the case to the same court which upheld dismissal of the Avenue A case.

The difference between the two cases is that in Avenue A I complained of infringements on “public rights,” while in South Avenue I also complain of infringements on my private property rights. To understand the importance of this difference, it is helpful to look closely at what the Court of Appeals decided in Avenue A and what it did not decide.

The Court of Appeals limited its decision to determining whether my complaint and arguments qualified me as “a person aggrieved” as that undefined term is used in the appeal provision of the street closure statute.

My basic argument in the Avenue A case was that I was a “person aggrieved” because:
1) the closure of Avenue A infringed on the rights of the public to use the public right of way;
2) I am a member of the public; and
3) I am “aggrieved” in the dictionary meaning of the term (“discontented”) with the closure.

The Court of Appeals did not accept this argument. Instead, the Court borrowed from cases defining the term “aggrieved parties” in zoning cases to decide that “any person aggrieved” in the street closure statute means:

“one who can either show an interest in the property affected, or if the party is a nearby property owner, some special damage, distinct from the rest of the community, amounting to a reduction in the value of his property.”

As the Court noted, I did not allege in my Avenue A complaint that the closure of that street caused any personal injury to my private property rights or damage my property value, but instead alleged only violations of “broad, public rights.” Given the Court’s definition of the term, it found that my “public rights” complaints did not qualify me as a “person aggrieved” under the statute.

The Court did not decide whether the Town’s deal with Mr. Fulcher and the closing of Avenue A pursuant to that deal was a lawful exercise of the Town’s legal authority.

The Court did not adopt the Town’s arguments that only abutting property owners may challenge street closures. If the Court believed that, it would have defined “person aggrieved” as including only persons owning property abutting the closed street.

The only thing the Court of Appeals determined was that because I had not included in my complaint any allegations that I had suffered personal injury to any private property interests of my own, I did not qualify as a “person aggrieved” within the meaning of the statute which establishes the procedure for appealing town street closures.

The Court went out of its way to note (twice) that it was not ruling on my separate challenge to the South Avenue closure. In addition, the Court made it clear that if I did include allegations and arguments showing personal injury to my own private property interests in the South Avenue challenge I could qualify as a “person aggrieved” with standing to pursue that separate challenge.

Because I have alleged the South Avenue closure caused injury to my private property interests, and because I am arguing in this case, based on a long line of North Carolina Court of Appeals and Supreme Court decisions, that my property interests include a private property right in the South Avenue right of way, my South Avenue challenge satisfies the elements the Court of Appeals found lacking in the Avenue A challenge.

Unfortunately the Superior Court ignored the central ruling of the Court of Appeals’ Avenue A decision and the fact that my South Avenue challenge includes the elements required to show I am a “person aggrieved” with standing to appeal the South Avenue closure. This is unfortunate because it will now require an appeal to the Court of Appeals before the case can proceed to the next steps.

Keep in mind that the question before the courts right now is not whether the town acted within its authority in closing South Avenue. The question at this point is simply whether I am a person who can ask the courts to determine whether the town did act within its authority. I am confident that the Court of Appeals will find that my South Avenue complaint meets the requirements that Court set out in its Avenue A decision for establishing the right to have the courts review the closure.

While I believe that upon review of the Board’s closure vote, the courts will find that the Board did not comply with the statutory requirements for closing a street, at this point the issue under appeal is my right to have a court review whether the closure complied with the statute, and not the “merits” of whether it did comply with the statute.

That said, I am increasingly dismayed at the amount of taxpayer money which is being invested in delaying a trial on the merits of my challenge.

Though I would prefer that South Avenue be returned to its status as a street because I believe it is a superior open space and water access point compared with the “net-house” property, I do wish to present the Board with a proposal to end further legal proceedings.

I am therefore separately forwarding to the Town’s attorneys a proposal which would satisfy my most serious concerns about the Town’s deal with Mr. Fulcher, and also allow the Town to use the new property as a “replacement” public space and water access park.

My proposal would permit the kinds of plans the Board has been considering for the property, including attendant buildings and service potential. It would require that promises which the Board has already made about the property, but which have not yet been put into effect, be fulfilled.

In order to help you understand why I continue to challenge the South Avenue closure, and the purpose of some elements of my proposal, here is an abridged version of the arguments I will make to the Court of Appeals if we are unable to reach a settlement.

My Private Property Rights in South Avenue

The Town’s attorneys have argued to the courts that the Town has a right to close public rights of way. I agree that a town may close a public right of way, if, and only if, the requirements of the closure statute are met. Obviously I do not agree that the statutory requirements were met in the closures of either Avenue A or South Avenue, or I would not have brought legal proceedings seeking to reverse those closures.

As explained above, however, the question I am currently appealing is only whether I have a right to seek a court determination of that question.

The Court of Appeals ruled in the Avenue A case that to establish my right to seek such a determination, I must complain that the closure injures my personal property interests.

Unlike my Avenue A complaint, my South Avenue challenge does allege that the closure injures my personal property interests. That complaint is supported by innumerable North Carolina court decisions over the course of more than 100 years which establish:

“It is a settled principle that if the owner of land, located within or without a city or town, has it subdivided and platted into lots and streets, and sells and conveys [any of] the lots … with reference to the plat… he thereby dedicates the streets, and all of them, to the use of the purchasers, and those claiming under them, and of the public.”

Purchasers of [such subdivision] lots … acquire vested rights to have all and each of the streets shown on the map kept open.”

To have deprived those who purchased lots with reference to the original map, and those claiming under them, of appurtenant rights in and to the streets, for the purpose of vesting such rights in another merely for private use would run counter to provisions of the Constitution of North Carolina, Art. I, Sec. 17, and to the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.”

Town of Blowing Rock v. Gregorie, 243 NC 366 (1956)(emph. added)

The “vested right” in subdivision streets acquired by subdivision lot purchasers are usually described as an “easement appurtenant” – this means property interest is an “easement” which is “appurtenant” (attached) to the purchased lot. The right not only belongs to the original lot purchaser – it is passed as part of the lot to subsequent heirs or purchasers of that lot.

While the above quotes from the Gregorie case describe these rights as arising when a subdividing landowner sells lots with reference to a plat, the same rights arise when the subdividing landowner sells lots bordering on streets which are actually laid out and marked on the ground, or by reference to a map of streets adopted as an official town map. The principle is the same – when the landowner sells the lots according to a plan of streets, the right to use the planned streets is an inducement to purchase the lot, and is part of the value for which the lot purchaser pays.

The courts have also recognized that these rights to all of the planned streets arise when multiple landowners sell lots out of their respective lands according to a common street plan. A purchaser of a lot from one landowner’s property obtains rights in the planned streets which cross the other landowners’ properties if both landowners are selling according to the same street plan.

This is what happened in Oriental in 1899. All of the owners of properties within the original town sold lots according to a plan of streets laid out and marked on the ground, and later surveyed and mapped by the Town. Oriental’s founding landowners agreed in concert to develop their properties according to this common plan. Because all of Oriental’s founding landowners cooperated in selling lots according to that plan, all lot purchasers obtained appurtenant easements in all of the planned streets, including the portion of South Avenue leading to Raccoon Creek.

Mr. Clark Wright, representing the Town, acknowledged to the Superior Court that subdivision purchasers obtain such rights. Mr. Wright, however, asserted that these rights simply do not apply when a town closes a street, and that I therefore do not have standing to challenge the closure. I believe Mr. Wright is incorrect and his assertion is not supported by case law.

As for the merits of the case, should we ever reach that point, in certain limited circumstances a town may close a street even though the closure interferes with private appurtenant easements. Otherwise there would be no purpose to the street closure statute. For example, in the 1965 case of Wofford v. NC State Highway Commission, the North Carolina Supreme Court recognized a narrow “public interest” exception to “takings” claims, based on legitimate exercise of the state’s police powers .

This narrow “public interest” exception is the source of the “public interest” language in the street closure statute. As Professor David Lawrence points out, the purpose of the statute is to prohibit towns from closing streets if such closures would give rise to compensable takings in violation of the U.S. and North Carolina statutes.

You may disagree with my position that the closure of South Avenue was not within the “public interest” exception allowed by the closure statute. It may be that the courts ultimately disagree with me on that question. But that question is not related to whether I have standing to have a court determine the matter.

The purpose of the appeal provision of the closure statute is to allow a court to review whether the closure complies with the provisions of the closure statute, including the “public interest” provision. The Court of Appeals’ Avenue A decision held that the question of whether or not I have standing is determined by whether or not I have claimed a property interest in the “affected property” or damage to my property value that is different from the rest of the community, not whether the Town has the right to close a street despite such property interest or damage.

It is very clear under North Carolina case law that I own a vested private property interest in the South Avenue right of way. The elimination of that right of way necessarily reduces the value of my property interest, particularly considering the water access rights included in that right of way. This meets the Court of Appeals’ definition of a “person aggrieved” with standing to bring an appeal of the street closure.

In a series of protracted court battles, subdivision owners with private appurtenant easement rights in the public streets of the Town of Oak Island successfully challenged that town’s attempts to misuse subdivision water-front street ends for non-street purposes (construction of parks), and I believe the Court of Appeals will apply the same reasoning and hold that I have standing to challenge Oriental’s closure of South Avenue.

Whether the Town acted lawfully in closing the street pursuant to its deal with Mr. Fulcher will then be directly before the courts.

Because the Town closed the street in order to benefit Mr. Fulcher and to acquire valuable real property which the Town may at any time close off to the public, or lease or sell to private interests in order to raise revenue, I believe the closure constitutes an unlawful taking of my Constitutionally-protected property rights without due process and compensation.

While I could seek compensation for that taking in inverse condemnation proceedings, I instead prefer to have South Avenue continue to be available, which is why I have sought a reversal of the Board’s closure vote.

My Proposal for Settlement of Litigation

The agreement between the Town and Mr. Fulcher stated that after the closure of South Avenue, Mr. Fulcher would “rededicate” a portion of South Avenue leading to the new property acquired by the Town. So far as I can tell, this has not been done. The deed transferring the new property to the Town describes the entire parcel as a fee simple conveyance to the Town, including former portions of South Avenue. Dedication and acceptance of public amenities would tie the Town’s hands. Three years ago, the mayor informed me he didn’t want the Town’s hands tied.

The Board unanimously adopted a resolution declaring its intent “that any property obtained by the Town of [Oriental on] Raccoon Creek, as a direct or indirect consequence of closing the right of way on South Avenue, will be dedicated as a public park, with public Water Access on Raccoon Creek.” No dedication has occurred, and the resolution appears without legal effect on the future of the property. The Town has argued (citing Watts v. Valdese) that regardless of any past use or how acquired, a Town has complete discretion to sell or exchange any real property it owns. I agree. But there are ways to preserve amenities for future generations, typically through dedication and acceptance. That should have been done at the time of the transfer.

If these matters were properly addressed in a way to preserve the amenities for the future, I might be willing to abandon further litigation. Such measures should include at least :
1. Proper dedication of the new property to the public and acceptance by the Town on the public’s behalf;
2. Dedication of the property as an easement appurtenant to all properties within the original borders of the Town;
3. Abandonment by the Town of all efforts to seek sanctions under rule 11.

This proposal will not only effectuate promises already made by the Board, but will ensure enforceable public and private rights to use the property for water access purposes for future generations.




David R. Cox

Cc: The Honorable Bill Sage, Mayor"



Monday, March 30, 2015

Only Two Doolittle Raiders Left

April 18, 1942, 16 US Army B-25 Medium Bombers took off from the Navy Carrier Hornet to attack the Japanese home islands. This was one of the most remarkable military operations in history. It happened only four months and eleven days after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The raid didn't do much damage, but it showed Japan they were vulnerable and changed the course of the war. If you haven't seen the movie Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo, put the movie on your list.
Retired Lt. Col. Robert Hite, one of the famed World War II Doolittle Tokyo Raiders, has died. He was 95 and had Alzheimer's disease .
LA Times

Sunday, March 29, 2015

Town Of Oriental v. Lacy Henry (Highlights)

Remember the previous South Avenue Case? The Town spent tens of thousands of dollars to win clear control over the terminus of South Avenue.


TOWN OF ORIENTAL, Plaintiff,
v.
Lacy HENRY and wife, Judy
B. Henry, Defendants.
No. COA08–896.
Court of Appeals of North Carolina.
July 7, 2009.
Background: Town filed suit against purported owners of portion of street that was
never paved or used for vehicular traffic,
seeking to clear title to property. Defendants filed motion to dismiss for failure to
state a claim upon which relief can be
granted. Town filed motion for summary
judgment. The Superior Court, Pamlico
County, Kenneth F. Crow, J., denied
town’s motion, treated defendants’ motion
as one for summary judgment, and granted summary judgment to defendants.
Town appealed.
Holdings: The Court of Appeals, Stephens, J., held that:
(1) unpaved portion of street that was never paved or used for vehicular traffic
remained dedicated to public use;
(2) withdrawal of dedication of portion of
street that was never paved or used for
vehicular traffic by its former owner
was ineffective; and
(3) purported owners were not permitted
to acquire possession of the property
by adverse possession.
Reversed and remanded.
1. Appeal and Error O893(1)
Standard of review for summary judgment is de novo.
2. Dedication O19(5), 29, 31
Generally, where lots are sold and conveyed by reference to a map or plat which represents a division of a tract of land into subdivisions of streets and lots, such streets become dedicated to public use, and the purchaser of the lot or lots acquires the right to have each of the streets kept open; [There is more, but this is pertinent to Cox v. Town]


Appeal by Plaintiff from order entered 2
May 2008 by Judge Kenneth F. Crow in
Pamlico County Superior Court. Heard in
the Court of Appeals 29 January 2009.


Wheatly, Wheatly, Weeks & Lupton, P.A.,by Stevenson L. Weeks, Beaufort, and Davis,Hartman, Wright, PLLC, by Michael ScottDavis, New Bern, for Plaintiff.Lee, Hancock & Lasitter, PA, by Moses D.Lasitter, and McAfee Law, P.A., by Robert
J. McAfee, New Bern, for Defendants.

Friday, March 27, 2015

Cox Surrenders to Town Government's Taking

This is to let readers of my blog know that I have formally surrendered in the court case of Cox v. Town of Oriental in what I still view as a swindle.

I call it a swindle because when Town Government closed the terminus of South Avenue, they took my personal property right (and the right of other property owners in the Village) to an easement in that street and gave it to another citizen. Not because I say so, but because more than a hundred years of NC Supreme Court decisions say so. The Court of Appeals spelled it out in the second paragraph of their 2009 opinion in the case of Town of Oriental v. Henry: "Generally," the Court said, "where lots are sold and conveyed by reference to a map or plat which represents a division of a tract of land into subdivisions of streets and lots, such streets become dedicated to public use, and the purchaser of the lot or lots acquires the right to have each of the streets kept open...." 

I didn't surrender because the Town had the right to close South Avenue - they didn't. I surrendered because I no longer have the material and emotional resources to continue the fight, even though the prospects for a win at the Court of Appeals were excellent. But I had to face the possibility that even after a win I might face additional years of litigation.

I'm sorry the elected officials of the Town spent so much money on the effort to keep the legal issues from being ruled on by the Court of Appeals. I'm sorry the Town Government has done nothing to protect future public access to and ownership rights of the new Town Dock, as I urged them repeatedly to do.

From 2002 to 2009 the Town Government spent tens of thousands of dollars to defend its control of South Avenue and to defend the rights of its citizens to use that public way to access public trust waters. That effort sought to bring legal issues before the Court of Appeals. Now the Commissioners claim to have spent more than 80 thousand to abandon the fruits of that victory for the Town's citizens and property owners. This time the Town Government's purpose in the court fight was to keep the issues away from the Court of Appeals.
I am grateful to the Court of Appeals for spelling out in its opinion on Avenue A what I needed to do to win on South Avenue. I am also grateful to the Court that it did not affirm a single one of the Town's claims to have lawful authority to do what they did.

That being said, I could easily foresee two or three more years of effort to oppose this taking, with an uncertain outcome. I have other things to do.

I have abandoned the court fight, but I will not abandon my concern for public access to public trust waters.

Thanks for your support.

David Cox